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He Sang Of Pastures, Fields, And Kings

It was 2,032 years ago today that the Roman poet Virgil died.  His epitaph, according to early biographers, was Mantua me genuit, Calabri rapuere, tenet nunc Parthenope: cecini pascua, rura, duces. Or, translated: Mantua bore me, Calabria took me; now Naples holds me; I sang of pastures, fields, and kings. From Dante’s Purgatorio, the embodiment of […]

It was 2,032 years ago today that the Roman poet Virgil died.  His epitaph, according to early biographers, was

Mantua me genuit, Calabri rapuere, tenet nunc

Parthenope: cecini pascua, rura, duces.

Or, translated:

Mantua bore me, Calabria took me; now Naples holds

me; I sang of pastures, fields, and kings.

From Dante’s Purgatorio, the embodiment of Reason warns against the folly of believing Reason discloses all truth:

‘The Power that fits bodies like ours

to suffer torments, heat, and cold

does not reveal the secret of its working.

‘Foolish is he who hopes that with our reason

we can trace the infinite path

taken by one Substance in three Persons.

 

‘Be content, then, all you mortals, with the quia,

for could you, on your own, have understood,

there was no need for Mary to give birth,

 

‘and you have seen the fruitless hope of some,

whose very longing, unfulfilled,

now serves them with eternal grief —

 

‘I speak of Aristotle and of Plato

and of many other.’ And here he lowered his brow,

said nothing more, and seemed perturbed.

— Dante, Purgatorio III (Hollander, trans.)

Robert Hollander, the co-translator, explains that the “quia” is a Scholastic term meaning to accept things as they are. He adds that these verses in Purgatorio convey like no other the tragedy (from Dante’s point of view) of Virgil’s life. As great as he was, he missed the mark; he famously prophesied a virgin who would give birth to a great king — but he meant Caesar Augustus, not Jesus of Nazareth. In the Dantean world, Virgil is among the greatest of virtuous unbelievers, honored in Hell by being given rest in a comfortable Limbo, with Aristotle, Plato, Homer, and the others — but still damned, denied the Beatific Vision. For Dante, as for Virgil (in the Divine Comedy), this is an unspeakable tragedy.

I have never read Virgil. After I work through The Divine Comedy, I will turn to the Aeneid.  I never could have imagined that through homeschooling my children (in this program), I would give myself the education I never had.

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